Lows and Highs of Blood Sugar
Recognizing symptoms is crucial to preventing long-term complications.
Low Blood Sugar
Hypoglycemia: Below 4.0 mmol/L
Signs & Symptoms
- Shaky / Light-headed
- Sweaty / Headachy
- Nervous / Anxious
- Hungry
- Increased heart rate
- Weak / Drowsy
- Numbness in lips/tongue
- Confusion
Severe Low (< 2.8 mmol/L): Can lead to loss of consciousness or seizures. Always wear MedicAlert® identification.
The "Rule of 15" Treatment
Step 1: Eat 15g of fast-acting carbs (4 glucose tabs, 150ml juice, or 1 tbsp honey).
Step 2: Wait 15 minutes and re-check.
Step 3: Repeat if still below 4.0 mmol/L.
Step 2: Wait 15 minutes and re-check.
Step 3: Repeat if still below 4.0 mmol/L.
If your next meal is >1 hour away, eat a snack with protein (e.g., cheese and crackers).
High Blood Sugar
Hyperglycemia: Above 11.0 mmol/L
Signs & Symptoms
- Extreme thirst (Polydipsia)
- Frequent urination (especially at night)
- Unexplained tiredness/fatigue
- Blurred vision
Common Causes
- Illness or infection
- Stress (physical or emotional)
- Not enough medication/insulin
- Eating more carbohydrates than planned
Treatment
High blood sugar is managed through lifestyle and medication adjustments. Contact your healthcare team if levels remain high to adjust your meal plan or insulin doses.